American Elements: Dysprosium Supplier & Technical Information

Dysprosium information, including safety data and its properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

Dysprosium is most commonly used in neodymium-iron-boron high strength permanent magnets. Dysprosium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. While it has one of the highest magnetic moments of any of the rare earths (10.6µB), this has not resulted in an ability to perform on its own as a practical alternative to neodymium compositions. It is however now an essential additive in NdFeB production. It is also used in special ceramic compositions based on BaTiO formulations. Recent research has examined the use of dysprosium in dysprosium-iron-garnet (DyIG) and silicon implanted with dysprosium and holmium to form donor centers. Dysprosium is added to various advanced optical formulations due to the fact that it emits in the 470-500 and 570-600 nm wavelengths.

Dysprosium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are

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available for many specific states, forms and shapes on the product pages listed to the left. Elemental or metallic forms include pellets, rod, wire and granules for evaporation source material purposes. Nanoparticles and nanopowders provide ultra high surface area which nanotechnology research and recent experiments demonstrate function to create new and unique properties and benefits.

Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Dysprosium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.

Dysprosium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The electronic configuration is [Xe]4f¹⁰6s². In its elemental form dysprosium's CAS number is 7429-91-6. The dysprosium atom has a radius of 175.2.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is unknown.

All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Dysprosium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis.

Dysprosium was first discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886.

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Dysprosium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of Dysprosium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.

Isotope	Atomic Mass	% Abundance on Earth
Dy-156	155.924	0.06
Dy-158	157.924	0.10
Dy-160	159.925	2.34
Dy-161	160.927	18.9
Dy-162	161.927	25.5
Dy-163	162.929	24.9
Dy-164	163.929	28.2

Dysprosium Safety Data. The safety data for Dysprosium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for Dysprosium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1^st Ionization Energy	573.02 kJ mol^-1
2nd Ionization Energy	1125.99 kJ mol^-1
3rd Ionization Energy	2199.88 kJ mol^-1

Conductivity. As to Dysprosium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 57 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.22. The thermal conductivity of Dysprosium is 10.7 W m^-1 K^-1.

Thermal Properties of Dysprosium. The melting point and boiling point for Dysprosium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion	17.2 kJ mol^-1
Heat of Vaporization	293 kJ mol^-1
Heat of Atomization	293.05 kJ mol^-1

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