Indium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Indium has found application in semi-conductor materials and other electronic applications. It is used to make low-melting alloys, such as an alloy of 24% indium - 76% Indium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. Indium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Indium is also used in various metal alloys (See AE Alloys). Indium facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Indium is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Indium is a Block P, Group 13, Period 5 element. The electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. In its elemental form indium's CAS number is 7440-74-6. The indium atom has a radius of 162.6.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 193.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Indium compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Indium was first discovered by Ferdinand Reich in 1863.
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of indium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
Indium
Indium
Indio 
Índio 
Indio
Indium
Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
In-113 |
112.904061 |
4.3 |
In-115 |
114.903878 |
95.7 |
Safety Data. The safety data for indium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for indium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
558.30 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
1820.67 kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
2704.50 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to indium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 8.37 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.78. The thermal conductivity of indium is 81.6 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for indium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
3.27 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
231.8 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
243.72 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| In | 49 | 114.82 g.mol -1 | 2 | 7.31 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 156 °C | 2000 °C | 193.pm | 0.092 nm (+3) | 558.30 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | UK Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
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