Manganese information, including safety data and its properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Manganese has numerous low and high tech applications. Manganese is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Manganese metal is a key component of aluminum alloys. Manganese oxide is used in dry cell batteries. Manganese is used in steel production to remove sulfur and oxygen. Manganese is the colorant in natural amethyst stones and is used in glass and ceramics to also create the amethyst color. It is used like the element Cerium to "decolorize" glass by offsetting the green from impurities of ferric ions. Permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used in medicine. It is added as a nutritional supplement for both human and animal consumption. Recently, the oxide in the form of various perovskite structures have demonstrated applications in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cells. Manganese facts, including appearance, CAS #, and molecular formula and safety data, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Manganese is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Manganese is a Block D, Group 7, Period 4 element. The electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d5 4s2. In its elemental form manganese's CAS number is 7439-96-5. The manganese atom has a radius of 136.7.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Manganese compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Manganese was first discovered by Johann Gahn in 1774.
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of manganese and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
manganèse
Mangan
manganese
Manganésio
manganeso
Mangan
Isotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
Mn-55 |
54.938050 |
100 |
Safety Data. The safety data for manganese metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for manganese (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
717.28 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
1509.04 kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
3248.49 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to manganese's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 144 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.55. The thermal conductivity of manganese is 7.82 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for manganese are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
14.4 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
220.5 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
279.37 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| Mn | 25 | 54.9380 g.mol -1 | 1.5 | 7.43 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 1247 °C | 2061 °C | 200.pm | 0.008 nm (+2) ; 0.046 nm (+7) | 717.28 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | UK Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
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