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Molybdenum information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Molybdenum has the third highest melting point of any element, exceeded only by tungsten and tantalum. Molybdenum is a catalyst in the oil refining. It has many other applications, including in catalysts, pigments, corrosion inhibitors and lubricants. It has a very high elastic modulus. Molybdenum is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is used in steel alloys to add hardness and raise melting points. It is a component in Hastelloys brand steel. Molybdenum is used in nuclear reactors and aerospace components. Molybdenum is valuable as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum. It is used in high temperature filaments for electronics. Molybdenum facts, research and properties are
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Molybdenum is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries. Molybdenum is a Block D, Group 6, Period 5 element. The electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d5 5s1. In its elemental form molybdenum's CAS number is 7439-98-7. The molybdenum atom has a radius of 136.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Molybdenum compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents. See Analytical Services for information on available certified chemical and physical analysis techniques including MS-ICP, X-Ray Diffraction, PSD and Surface Area (BET) analysis. Molybdenum was first discovered by Carl Wilhelm in 1778.
Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of molybdenum and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
Molybdène
Molybdän
Molibdeno
Molibdênio 
Molibdeno
MolybdenIsotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
Mo-92 |
91.906810 |
14.84 |
Mo-94 |
93.905088 |
9.25 |
Mo-95 |
94.905841 |
15.92 |
Mo-96 |
95.904679 |
16.68 |
Mo-97 |
96.906021 |
9.55 |
Mo-98 |
97.905408 |
24.13 |
Mo-100 |
99.907477 |
9.63 |
Safety Data. The safety data for molybdenum metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for molybdenum (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
684.32 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
1559.21 kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
2617.67 kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to molybdenum's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 5.34 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.16. The thermal conductivity of molybdenum is 138 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties. The melting point and boiling point for molybdenum are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
27.6 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
589.9 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
656.55 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| Mo | 42 | 95.94 g.mol -1 | 1.8 | 10.2 g.cm-3 at 20 °C | 2610 °C | 4825°C | 200.pm | 0.068 nm (+4); 0.06 nm (+6) | 684.32 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | UK Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
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