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plutonium
Plutonium information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.

 

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Plutonium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 7 element. The electronic configuration is [Rn] 5f6 7s2. In its elemental form plutonium's CAS number is 7440-07-5. The plutonium atom has a radius of 151.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 200.pm.

Plutonium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, J. W. Kennedy and A. C. Wahl  in 1940.

 

 

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Plutonium Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of plutonium and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope.
Isotope
Atomic Mass
% Abundance on Earth
Pu-239
239.052157
-
Pu-244
244.064198
-

Plutonium Safety Data. The safety data for plutonium metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.

Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for plutonium (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table:

1st Ionization Energy
581.44 kJ mol-1
2nd Ionization Energy
- kJ mol-1
3rd Ionization Energy
- kJ mol-1

Conductivity. As to plutonium's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 150 µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.3. The thermal conductivity of plutonium is 6.74 W m-1 K-1.

Thermal Properties of Plutonium. The melting point and boiling point for plutonium are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization.

Heat of Fusion
2.8 kJ mol-1
Heat of Vaporization
343.5 kJ mol-1
Heat of Atomization
348 kJ mol-1



 
Formula Atomic Number Molecular Weight Electronegativity (Pauling) Density Melting Point
Boiling Point
Vanderwaals radius
Ionic radius Energy of first ionization
Pu 94 944  g.mol -1 1.28 19.816 g/L 639.4 °C 3228 °C .200 nm 151.3 pm 581.44 kJ.mol-1

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Recent Research & Development for Plutonium

  • Thermodynamics of Xenon Binding to Cryptophane in Water and Human Plasma [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 9262-9263]. J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Aug 28; [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available. [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Noble gases without anesthetic properties protect myocardium against infarction by activating prosurvival signaling kinases and inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition in vivo. Anesth Analg. 2007 Sep;105(3):562-9. [PubMed - in process]

  • A Cryptophane Biosensor for the Detection of Specific Nucleotide Targets through Xenon NMR Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem. 2007 Aug 21; [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available. [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • A High-Power Laser-Driven Source of Sub-nanosecond Soft X-Ray Pulses for Single-Shot Radiobiology Experiments. Radiat Res. 2007 Sep;168(3):382-7. [PubMed - in process]

  • In vitro colour stability of aesthetic brackets. Eur J Orthod. 2007 Aug;29(4):354-358. [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Micro-CT Imaging of Rat Lung Ventilation using Continuous Image Acquisition during Xenon Gas Contrast Enhancement. J Appl Physiol. 2007 Aug 9; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Nuclear spin resonance of (129)Xe doped with O(2). J Magn Reson. 2007 Jul 17; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

  • Comparison between the Landau-Teller and flux-flux methods for computing vibrational energy relaxation rate constants in the condensed phase. J Chem Phys. 2007 Aug 7;127(5):054504. [PubMed - in process]

  • Revisiting the intensity output of curing lights in private dental offices. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2007 Jul;28(7):380-4; quiz 385-6. [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

  • [Effects of plutonium and krypton-containing breathing mixtures on clinical and biochemical blood indices in animals] Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 2007 Mar-Apr;41(2):60-4. Russian. [PubMed - in process]

 

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