Hydrogen information, including Technical Data, Safety Data and its properties, research, applications and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity and thermal properties are included.
Hydrogen is the first element on the periodic table and the most abundant element in the universe. As a readily refinable gas that is lighter than air, its first uses were in ballooning experiments. It was the gas used by the famous Hindenburg dirigible. It now has numerous industrial applications in oil cracking and production of other non-metallic cations, such as ammonium compounds. Deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen, is used to produce heavy water (H30) which has application in nuclear energy production.
Hydrogen is a Block S, Group 1, Period 1 element. The electronic configuration is 1s1. In its elemental form hydrogen's CAS number is 1333-74-0. The hydrogen atom has a radius of 37.3.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 120.pm. Hydrogen was discovered by Sir Henry Cavendish in 1766.
Hydrogen Abundance. The following table shows the abundance of hydrogen and each of its naturally occurring isotopes on Earth along with the atomic mass for each isotope. |
Hydrogène 
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno 
Hidrogênio 
Hidrógeno 
VäteIsotope |
Atomic Mass |
% Abundance on Earth |
H-1 |
1.008 |
99.99 |
H-2 |
2.014 |
0.02 |
H-3 |
3.016 |
- |
Hydrogen Safety Data. The safety data for hydrogen metal, nanoparticles and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the left margin.
Ionization Energy. The ionization energy for hydrogen (the least required energy to release a single electron from the atom in it's ground state in the gas phase) is stated in the following table: |
1st Ionization Energy |
1312.06 kJ mol-1 |
2nd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
3rd Ionization Energy |
- kJ mol-1 |
Conductivity. As to hydrogen's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured in terms of electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is - µOcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 2.2. The thermal conductivity of hydrogen is 0.183 W m-1 K-1.
Thermal Properties of Hydrogen. The melting point and boiling point for hydrogen are stated below. The following chart sets forth the heat of fusion, heat of vaporization and heat of atomization. |
Heat of Fusion |
0.12 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Vaporization |
0.46 kJ mol-1 |
Heat of Atomization |
216.003 kJ mol-1 |
| Formula | Atomic Number | Molecular Weight | Electronegativity (Pauling) | Density | Melting Point | Boiling Point |
Vanderwaals radius |
Ionic radius | Energy of first ionization |
| H | 1 | 1.00794 g.mol -1 | 2.20 | 0.08988 g.cm-3 | −259.14°C | −252.87 °C | .120 nm | 53 pm | 1312.06 kJ.mol-1 |
| PRODUCT CATALOG | UK Operations | Submicron & Nanopowder | Tolling | Ultra High Purity | Sputtering Target | Crystal Growth | Rod, Plate, Powder, etc. | Foil |
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